Adhesion Mechanism / SKU
— Smooth Surface (vdW) · Scout / Gloss
PU Nano-Pillars
200 nm spatular tips
Tokay gecko · vdW adhesion
PU+CNT Pillars
MWCNT-reinforced tips
Gecko · CNT-enhanced fatigue
— Rough Surface Stack · Rough
Clingfish Lip
Shore 20A silicone annular lip
Gobiesox maeandricus · Ra 50–800 μm
Remora Lamellae
PDMS self-tightening spinules
Echeneis naucrates · shear load
— Submerged / Wet · Aqua
DOPA Coating
Catechol surface chemistry
Mytilus edulis · submerged bonding
ES Augmentation
1–3 kV electrostatic grid
Electric ray analogue · PVDF-powered
— Serpentis Suit Materials (for comparison) · Apex
Shark Denticle
Riblet outer film
Isurus oxyrinchus · friction/drag
Helicoidal CF
Mantis shrimp architecture
Stomatopoda · impact resistance
Substrate Surface
— dashed border = rough surface (Ra >50 μm)
Polished Glass
Granite
Smooth Concrete
Rough Concrete
Cast Masonry / Brick
Natural Rock
Painted Steel
Wet / Submerged Steel
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Conditions
—
Effective Adhesion / Friction
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Active mechanisms at current conditions
Effective Adhesion vs. Surface Roughness (Ra)
Full Mechanism × Substrate Matrix (effective μ / adhesion, dry)
Shear Force vs. Normal Load (current mechanism + substrate)